Oct 11, 2025 ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯎ

ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ꯫

ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ꯫ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ:

ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯕꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔ ꯋꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫

ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ꯫ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ꯫ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ꯫ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫, ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ꯫ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ (ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤ.) ꯴., ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ (ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ.) ꯴., ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯆꯤꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ (ꯑꯥꯎꯠ-ꯒꯤ-ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗꯅꯦꯁ, ꯇꯦꯄꯔ)

ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯅꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ꯫

ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ,ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ꯇꯨ: ꯱.

ꯐꯪꯕꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯟ-ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯔꯎꯟꯗꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ꯫ꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤ. ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ.

ꯐꯒꯠꯄꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔ ꯕꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ꯫

ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ꯫ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ꯫

ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯗ ꯇꯨꯜ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

 

ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯃꯊꯧ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ
ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤ./ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ±0.001–0.002 ꯃꯤ.ꯃꯤ.
ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯫ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ-ꯂꯥꯏꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​(Ra ≈ 0.1–0.3 μm) ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ꯫ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯦꯜ ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯍꯦꯆ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ꯫ ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ-by-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ)

1. ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯄꯤꯁ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ꯫

ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ꯫ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫.

ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ꯫(ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯕꯗꯦꯅꯝ-ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯗ ꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ)꯫

 

2. ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯜ ꯁꯦꯇꯑꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

A ꯃꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ꯐꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ꯫ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ...ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯟꯗ, ꯁꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.(ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯛ ꯕꯣꯔꯣꯟ ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯥꯏꯗ), ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ꯫, ꯔꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ...ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫, ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫

 

3. ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

(a) ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯁꯟ꯫

ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ꯫ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫(ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ 200–600 rpm) ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ...ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯞꯔꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ (20–60 ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ/ꯃꯤꯅꯠ)꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯍꯦꯆ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ꯫ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫

(b) ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯗ꯫

ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯣ-ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ - ꯑꯣꯏ꯫5–20 µm- ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔꯦꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ꯫

(c) ꯀꯨꯂꯟꯇ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ꯫

ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯨꯂꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯄꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯀꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

 

4. ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯖꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯒꯦꯖꯤꯡꯗꯥ꯫ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯃꯦꯖꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ-ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯁꯨꯠ-ꯑꯣꯐꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ.

ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ,ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯗꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯅꯦꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

 

5. ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ)

ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯑꯣꯏꯜ-ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯚꯦꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯄꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯃꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ "ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫" ꯐꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯔꯟ-ꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ."

 

ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ꯫ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ
ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤ./ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯦꯟꯁ꯫ ±꯰.꯰꯰꯱–꯰.꯰꯰꯲ ꯃꯤ.ꯃꯤ ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯒꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫ 1.0 μmꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ꯫
ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯔꯨꯐꯅꯦꯁ (Ra) ꯑꯁꯤ . 0.1–0.3 µm ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯍꯦꯆ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ꯫ ꯲꯰ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ –꯴꯰ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ (ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ) ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯑꯣ꯫ 60–80% ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ-ꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ꯫

 

ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯒꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯃꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ ꯆꯦ ꯊꯥꯕ
ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ (ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯐꯤꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ) ꯍꯣꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫
ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ (ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ) ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯡ–ꯕꯣꯔ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯅꯦꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯗꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

 

ꯁꯝꯂꯞꯄ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ

ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ
ꯍꯣꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ, ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯊꯅꯦꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ-ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ, ꯔꯎꯟꯗꯅꯦꯁ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ꯫ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯞꯔꯣꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯀꯇꯤꯡ꯫
ꯃꯍꯩ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯟ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ꯫

ꯏꯅꯛꯕꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ

ꯌꯨꯝ

ꯐꯣꯟ

ꯏ-ꯃꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ